1 Month of Answers to Tough Questions

PACIFISM AND RECKLESSNESS

2010-04-05T16:01:00.000-07:00

PACIFISM AND RECKLESSNESS (Simon Moyle)

[In Holy Week 2010 I was part of a group of four people who nonviolently shut down the secretive Swan Island base, a forward intelligence base for Australian SAS soldiers and ASIS agents (see http://bit.ly/a7wE3U for a report).

This is part of a post responding to subsequent accusations that obstructive actions against the war are ‘reckless’ and that pacifism is ‘idealistic’.]

If we want to talk about recklessness, let's talk about recklessness. Recklessness is invading and occupying a country against international law (there is very good reason to believe that the current occupation of Afghanistan is illegal under international law and it is currently being looked at in the UK). Recklessness is killing thousands of civilian men women and children in two countries (Afghanistan and Pakistan, not to even bring Iraq into the equation), both from starvation and direct killing (2,412 killed directly last year alone), for 8 years without public outcry.

Recklessness is millions of IDPs (internally displaced persons), constantly terrorised by the possibility that at any moment unmanned Predator drones could silently drop their deadly payload of Hellfire missiles on their house. Recklessness is militarily propping up an unrepresentative, corrupt, inept government for 8 years. Recklessness is inflaming and fuelling an internal civil war in a country you don't understand even after 8 years. Recklessness is spending almost a trillion dollars doing this to one of the poorest countries on the planet when that money could have gone to building peace.

And more than that, recklessness is being silent, ignorant, and inert in the face of all of this, particularly when your country is actively involved.

When the Camden 28 destroyed draft files during the Vietnam war, one of the defendants Father Mike Doyle said in his opening statement at the trial: "The terrible question that we will try to put before you, that lies before all of us, is simply this: who went too far? Did the military go too far by entering Vietnam and continuing in the war there for 12 years or more? Did the Camden 28 go too far in trying to stop it? Or did the FBI go too far in giving help to the defendants to make it possible in August of '71? And what does too far mean when the killing has started and you want to stop it? If we are going to be wrong or judged to be wrong, then I say it is surely more honourable to go too far to stop killing than to go too far to continue it." Amen.

Secondly, this is not about idealism, it's about faith. Faith being what we trust in to save us. Is our trust in the military to kill our enemies or in Jesus' way of loving our enemies? Do we trust in money, or democracy, or technology to save us, or in Jesus' way of radical trust in God? This is not idealism, it's the heart of the gospel, a simple matter of obedience (made more complicated by living in a world which says that money or militarism or technology or whatever else can save us - which we are too often seduced by). Christian faith is not about believing the right things - as Jesus says, even the demons believe the `right' things - but about whether we follow our Lord to the death ("if any would follow me they must deny themselves, take up their cross..."). It's those who do the will of God ("on earth as it is in heaven").

In Mark's gospel the temple cleansing (which inspired this action) is sandwiched between the cursing of the fig tree - the temple state economic system – which people religiously trusted in to be able to save them. When Jesus announces the end of that system (and prophetically sees it "wither at the roots"), and then symbolically plays out an end of that system by cleansing the temple, he reorients the life of his followers around himself as the temple. The church is to BE that body, the body of Christ, playing out Christ's life over and over again, only now we do it in the light of the resurrection.

Today there is a compelling analogy (as with all empires) between the temple state economic system and our faith in what Brueggemann calls 'technological therapeutic consumer militarism'. These things have become an objects of faith, in which we trust to save us. The Bible names this as idolatry.

So while I recognise how difficult this is in a world where the cross of Christ is "foolishness" and "weakness", I cannot see it as mere high minded idealism to be brushed away as impractical. It's pure and simple faithfulness (which I fail at time and time again but thanks to the grace of God also take up time and time again). "Belief in Jesus" is not about mere intellectual assent to a set of propositions, it's about how your life concretely demonstrates that Jesus through the cross has triumphed over death and the systems which perpetuate it.

Well that's the Christianity I'm trying to live anyway - Christianity that is truly, concretely good news to the poor and the oppressed, and to a world wallowing in a lack of imagination. The world desperately needs the church to be true to its Lord so it can see that another way is not just possible or necessary, but is already here.

Grace and peace,

Simon Moyle

HEY GOD!

2009-08-12T17:30:00.000-07:00

'HEY GOD - I THINK YOU OWE ME A GREAT BIG APOLOGY!'

If this person is concerned about questions of Theodicy - suffering - then these articles might help -
http://jmm.aaa.net.au/catalog/keyword/s-22.htm

DID YOU KNOW?

2009-08-05T17:38:00.000-07:00

Sony played this video at their executive Conference this year, it's
pretty interesting...

I'M GOIN' HOME!

2009-07-21T20:17:00.000-07:00

From The Snake Pit (1948)

THE WORLD'S WEALTH

2009-01-16T22:58:00.000-08:00

This might broaden your understanding of the potential severity of the US going into recession¦

Apart from having the largest (by capitalisation) stock market in the World, this is why the US is so important in the Global Financial System¦

The map renames US states after countries that have similar GDPs to the state in question¦

GDP is the measure of national income and output for a given country's economy. GDP = Total market value of all final goods and services produced within the country in a given period of time.

LIVING WITH DISAPPOINTMENT

2008-05-24T03:27:00.000-07:00

First, watch this. The skating here has got to be the best I have ever seen performed.

(http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=6QBtZc6En1g)

Chinese pair Shen & Zhao performed this wonderfully ...but were allegedly cheated out of the winning place by corrupt judges in 1999. Apparently that's nothing unusual in the figure skating world. (The "new" points system, I'm told, only protects the judges as they are now anonymous, as you are no longer told how the individual judges voted).

And concerning disappointment, view this

(http://www.e-water.net/viewflash.php?flash=irishblessing_en )

And if you liked that, be inspired by the rough beauty of the Irish landscape:

More on disappointment.

HELL

2008-05-01T19:52:00.000-07:00

I read this today in Jim Wallis' new book Seven Ways to Change the World and I can't think of a better response:

Questioner, to Billy Graham on his last visit to Harvard:

'Since Jesus said "I am the way, the truth and the life, no man cometh to the Father but by me" doesn't that mean people from other religions - Jews and the rest - are going to hell?'

Billy replied, 'I'm sure glad God is the judge of people's hearts and not me! And I trust God to decide those questions justly and mercifully.'

The student was disappointed and pressed further, 'Well, what do you think God will decide?'

Graham demurred, 'Well, God doesn't really ask my advice on those matters.'

Shalom/Salaam/Pax!

Rowland Croucher
May 2008

GUNS AND GUN CONTROL

2008-04-14T22:50:00.000-07:00

I have never understood the obsession with guns held by the American National Rifle Association (NRA). I read this somewhere on a Usenet newsgroup: 'I didn't much like the part in Michael Moore's movie where he doggedly pursued a confused and daft Charlton Heston. one of the most public faces of the NRA. It was clear the man was no longer in his prime, and that Moore was picking on someone with a clear handicap. However, when Heston was vibrant and sane, I found his views on morality and gun control to be either hateful or ignorant or both.' I can go along with that.

One of the most responded-to articles on the John Mark Ministries' website is 'Oxymoron of the month: Sporting Shooters' which concluded: 'Shooters are not sportsmen, they're vandals.' See this response, for example.

SATAN / THE DEVIL / EVIL

2008-03-19T03:49:00.001-07:00

WHY TO HUMANS START WARS (AND OTHER CONFLICTS)?

2008-03-19T01:10:00.000-07:00

50 Years in 3 minutes.

Turn up the volume, sit back and survey a review of 50 years of history in less than 3 minutes!

Thanks to a Billy Joel song and some guy from the University of Chicago with a lot of time to Google! If you like it, play again and you will see and hear things you missed first time.

http://home.uchicago.edu/~yli5/Flash/Fire.

INDIFFERENCE (Elie Wiesel)

2008-03-08T01:24:00.000-08:00

Elie Wiesel on Indifference

(Thanks to my friend Geoff Pound for this summary):

Elie Wiesel, the renowned novelist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor presented the Timothy and Sharon Ubben Lecture, "Building a Moral Society" to an audience at DePauw University.

In his concluding remarks he encouraged his audience to be open to the voices of others and to the world. He then spoke about the perils of indifference:

Be Concerned
“I do believe that students today should open themselves to other people’s voices and whatever is happening in the world. Be concerned.”

"We have a character in Scripture known as Job. He is a man who suffers and he is part of Scripture, except in our tradition [the Jewish tradition], we don’t see Job as a Jew but we study him to teach us. He is not Jewish but his suffering concerns me.”

Be Questioning
“I don’t know what to do about suffering but the question must be raised. As long as you are asking the question it will lead you to know for you are ready to know and to receive. If you have no questions you turn your back on yourselves and others and then you are indifferent.”

Be Not Indifferent
“There is nothing worse in life than indifference. Indifference to evil is evil and at times worse than evil…”

“The opposite of love is not hate but indifference.
The opposite of knowledge is not ignorance but indifference.
The opposite of art is not ugliness but indifference.
The opposite of life is not death but indifference because he or she who is indifferent is actually dead without knowing it.”

“In a moral society the first lesson is also the last—you must fight indifference. Whenever you fight and whatever you fight, ultimately you have fought indifference.”

Source: Elie Wiesel, "Building a Moral Society", ‘Timothy and Sharon Ubben Lecture’ DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, 21 September 1989.

WORLD HUNGER: WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT?

2008-01-21T02:58:00.000-08:00

Italy: The Manzo family of Sicily
Food expenditure for one week: 214.36 Euros or $260.11

Germany: The Melander family of Bargteheide
Food expenditure for one week: 375.39 Euros or $500.07

United States : The Revis family of North Carolina (Sure hope most American
families eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and less junk food than this family.)
Food expenditure for one week $341.98

Mexico : The Casales family of Cuernavaca
Food expenditure for one week: 1, 862.78 Mexican Pesos or $189.09

Poland: The Sobczynscy family of Konstancin-Jeziorna
Food expenditure for one week: 582.48 Zlotys or $151.27

Egypt: The Ahmed family of Cairo
Food expenditure for one week: 387.85 Egyptian Pounds or $68.53

Ecuador : The Ayme family of Tingo
Food expenditure for one week: $31.55

Bhutan: The Namgay family of Shingkhey Village
Food expenditure for one week: 224.93 ngultrum or $5.03

Chad: The Aboubakar family of Breidjing Camp
Food expenditure for one week: 685 CFA Francs or $1.23

DID PAUL MESS UP JESUS' RELIGION?

2007-10-27T03:08:00.001-07:00

No. Concerning love Jesus and Paul spoke with one voice: compare the Beatitudes in Matthew 5 with the fruits of the Spirit in Galatians 5; or think of the character of Jesus when you read 1 Corinthians 13.

Paul's conversion meant a turning from his pharisaical attitudes (which Jesus condemned so trenchantly) to living out Jesus' ideas and ideals.

Of course, because he was not Galilean, he expressed Jesus' ideas differently. It's something like viewing a valley from different hills: Paul looks/sounds different, but it's essentially the same religion.

Back to the main idea: both Jesus and Paul are strong on love. So let's practise that virtue, eh?

WHAT IN THE WORLD IS GOING ON?

2007-07-09T19:32:00.000-07:00

In this article I want to try to make sense of the international situation. At first there'll be random quotes/ideas... Watch the article build...

The recent war in Kosovo was engineered by the U.S. to liberate Muslim Albanians from Christian Serbs, a fact somehow overlooked by al-Qaeda and other radical Muslims.

DOES GOD EXIST?

2007-07-04T03:18:00.000-07:00

Some people have no problem believing in the existence of God. British theologian T. F. Torrance, for example, wrote somewhere: 'To doubt the existence of God would be an act of sheer irrationality.'

*****

AND WHERE IS GOD?

A mother brought her son to the Rabbi for religious instruction. The rabbi challenged the boy: 'I'll give you a dollar if you can tell me where God lives!'

The boy thought for a moment, and then responded: 'Rabbi, I'll give you two dollars if you can tell me where God does not live!'

*****

The Dawkins Delusion

This is clever (if the video below doesn't work, try http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QERyh9YYEis )

IS THE OLD TESTAMENT AUTHORITATIVE FOR CHRISTIANS?

2007-06-21T15:52:00.001-07:00

Yes and no.

What are we to make of God instructing King Saul to kill all of the Amalekites - men, women, children (including infants) and all their animals (1 Samuel 15)? Or the Psalm which asks God to bash their enemies' babies' heads against the wall (Psalm 137)?

Isn't this barbaric? Yes, of course.

In theological college I studied Professor John Bright's book The Authority of the Old Testament. He expounds three classical Christian solutions to this problem:

First, some like Marcion reject the OT altogether as an authority for faith and conduct; or (eg. Bultmann) insist on the subordination of the OT to the NT. But these ideas fail to deal with the issue of Jesus' view of the authority of the Hebrew Scriptures.

Others (like some of my Orthodox and Brethren friends) read a 'Christian' meaning into much of the OT, by allegory or typology. The church father Origen blessed this approach, but many (including myself) reject it, because, as Bright says, it leads 'into the exotic jungle of fanciful interpretations'. Luther said this approach has 'a nose of wax' (because it can be twisted into any shape).

Most modern Christian scholars tend to make a value judgment about the OT based on the teachings of Jesus. They suggest that there is a developmental or progressive approach to humans' understanding of God throughout history, and that the mind/teaching of Jesus is the ultimate/final measuring device for all truth. Put me into this category.

John Bright says that Israel's history is 'a theatre of God's activity': it records real history and a theological interpretation of it. But at the same time it is clearly an incomplete collection of writings, a history with no ending.

The OT is the record of an ancient people's responses to war and suffering and other human conditions. It describes real feelings of rage, guilt, joy and hope which are validated by their inclusion in Jewish and Christian Scriptures. Modern Jews like Rabbi Abraham Heschel, who lost his family in the Nazi Holocaust, can teach us - from the OT - some valuable lessons about dealing with life's mysteries with 'hopeful amazement'...

Watch this space for more...

HOW CAN I KNOW WHAT'S 'TRUE'?

2007-06-12T19:51:00.000-07:00

We know what's true through our senses, or via the 'authority' of someone we trust. But what about phenomena outside our sensory experience, and/or that of our trusted authority-figures? For example: What is God like? Does God actually exist? Will I live forever - and what will that be like?

Now nobody I know has actually seen God, or experienced a verifiable out-of-body experience, or been to heaven and come back and told us about it.

So Christians have to answer this broad question by submitting to 'outside' authorities, like the Bible, or Jesus, or the Church, or 'traditional belief-systems' or our reason, or, occasionally, personal 'peak experiences' which, for some, open a window through which they see beyond what their senses can verify.

Actually all these 'authorities' can be reduced to three: Scripture, Tradition, and Rationalized Experience.

Another question: how am I supposed to know not only what to believe but how to behave? What's 'normal' here?

My favorite preacher John Claypool tells the story of a small boy who was given a 'quarter' (which meant he was American) to go to the circus. He went downtown and saw the circus parade - animals, gymnasts, clowns - and was so excited by it all he gave one of the clowns his quarter and went home. After questioning by his parents he learned that he'd not been to the 'circus' but only to the parade.

Life's like that. We live on a level which is well this side of our ideal. We fall short of what we in our better moments would like to be. We read about someone like Francis of Assisi and feel we could never be as saintly as that great man. Or Dietrich Bonhoeffer, who disagreed with the State Church in Nazi Germany about how a 'normal Christian' should behave. (He was executed aged 39 on April 9, 1945, and later that year the war ended). Both of these Jesus-followers combined personal holiness with a passion for justice - as their Master and Lord did.

So a good way to be both rational and good, is to encourage in yourself a 'healthy skepticism' sometimes about where others' or societies' standards might be. F W Boreham said the best way to see how crooked a stick is would be to place it next to a straight stick.

Annie Dillard in her Pulitzer prize-winning book Pilgrim at Tinker's Creek wrote: 'We are making hay when we should be making whoopee; we are raising tomatoes when we should be raising Cain, or Lazarus.'

Watch this space for more...

Rowland Croucher

SUICIDE

2007-06-09T15:47:00.000-07:00

(I've had an email from a friend in the U.S. reminding me that an article should appear here on this important subject. Watch for it)

WHEN LIFE TUMBLES IN ON YOU...

2007-05-31T04:08:00.000-07:00

TOWARDS CIRCUMSTANCES - BE HOPEFUL (Where There’s Hope There’s Life).

(Psalm 137, 1 Peter 1:1-19).

(The first of four sermons based on themes from 1 Peter – hope, happiness, holiness, humility).

When life Tumbles In What Then?

Life will come crashing in on each of us some time. And different people will have different reactions...

Recently a hairdresser I hadn't met previously asked what I did. ‘I do what you do.’ ‘You’re a hairdresser?’ ‘No, I'm a counsellor.' Then I asked 'So what's been your most interesting case?' She said that an elderly 'regular' came in on a different day than usual. Why did she change her day? Well, her husband was dead at home, dead in bed, he'd died during the night. 'Have you contacted anybody?' the hairdresser-counsellor asked. 'Oh no,' the lady replied, 'A lot of people are coming to my home today, and I had to have my hair done first!'

One night Jan and I and two of our daughters were playing Rummycub. Our son, a poet, philosopher and atheist, who loves to 'stir' us Christians at every opportunity came over from next door where he lived with his family and asked: 'If you knew the end of the world was about to happen would you continue to play this stupid game?’ 'Yes,' we all responded. (Martin Luther when asked a similar question said he'd plant a tree)...

Three of the greatest sermons in the English language in the 20th century focussed on this question. Arthur John Gossip tragically lost his wife when they were in their middle years, and the following Sunday he stood in the pulpit to preach. His first sentence: ‘When Life Tumbles In, What Then?’ Gossip took as his text Jeremiah 12:5: 'So, Jeremiah, if you're worn out in this footrace with men, what makes you think you can race against horses? And if you can't keep your wits during times of calm, what's going to happen when troubles break loose like the Jordan in flood?' Gossip preached: 'I don't think you need to be afraid of life. Our hearts are very frail, and there are places where the road is very steep and very lonely, but we have a wonderful God. And, as Paul puts it, "What can separate us from his love? Not death," he writes immediately. No, not death, for standing in the roaring of the Jordan, cold with its dreadful chill and very conscious of the terror of its rushing, I, too, like Hopeful in Pilgrim's Progress, can call back to you who one day in your turn will have to cross it, "Be of good cheer, my brother, my sister, for I feel the bottom and it is sound."’ He’d reached the bottom of who he was in his grief. But at the bottom, he reached the core of all that he believed: 'You people in the sunshine may believe the faith, but we in the shadows must believe it. We have nothing else!'

More...

May 31, 2007.

BUT ALWAYS BE WARY...

Rowland Croucher

SHOULD CHRISTIANS BE 'POLITICAL'?

2007-05-23T19:09:00.000-07:00

Here's a letter published in The Age newspaper (Melbourne), Opinion, September 4, 2003

The comments by Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer about clergy 'rushing for cheap headlines' by getting involved in political statements, and the subsequent debate got me thinking...

Barney Zwartz, in his article on meddlesome priests (The Age, Opinion, 2/9), notes that the Judeo-Christian faith is not only about personal piety, but also social justice. Interfering clerics and prophets have, for 3000 years, been the bane of those who benefit from an unjust political system.

Take for instance that troublesome Baptist minister, Martin Luther King. He really should have kept his nose out of political issues, and kept his dream to himself. The duly elected Governors of Alabama and Mississippi were doing just fine until he came along. Why is religion getting mixed up with human rights?

Then there were those interfering archbishops, like Desmond Tutu in South Africa and Janani Luwum in Idi Amin's Uganda. They should have left their political leaders alone, to govern as they saw fit. Same goes for Cardinal Jaime Sin in the Philippines under the enlightened rule of Ferdinand Marcos, and church leaders who opposed Pol Pot in Cambodia.

And what about Archbishop Oscar Romero in El Salvador? If only he'd kept his mouth shut, he might still be alive. As for the likes of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Martin Niemoller in Nazi Germany, they should have stayed inside church cloisters instead of blundering into political activism.

Closer to home, meddlesome clerics like Tim Costello and Ray Cleary shouldn't be shooting off their mouths about gambling and other social issues. Don't they realise gambling addicts have a democratic right to sacrifice their homes and families and commit suicide if they want to, without interference from religious do-gooders?

And it's not just clerics, either. Look at all those religiously minded laymen and women who have meddled in matters that don't concern them. Like William Wilberforce dragging his Christian faith into the slavery issue, or the Earl of Shaftesbury interfering in the politics of child labor and other forms of exploitation. Or William and Catherine Booth meddling in issues of social and economic inequality, and founding the Salvation Army.

Then there's Elizabeth Fry interfering in the field of prison reform; Florence Nightingale who founded the modern nursing movement; Cicely Saunders who founded the modern hospice movement; Henri Dunant who founded the Red Cross; and other meddlesome religious zealots who founded Alcoholics Anonymous, Amnesty International, Habitat for Humanity, Opportunity International, World Vision, TEAR Fund, and a host of other enterprises that can be traced back to a religious motivation.

Is a world without religious interference what we really need? The resultant welfare bill would send all governments flat broke. Expediency would be more likely to triumph over conscience, and brute force over moral persuasion. There'd be less of a check on the excesses of genocidal tyrants, murderous despots and ruthless pragmatists.

New Testament Christians, as Karl Barth pointed out, faced the dilemma of relating to Nero's Rome, which in Romans 13 is a divinely-ordained institution to be obeyed, but in Revelation 13 is 'the beast from the abyss'. When governments invoke order at the expense of freedom, tyranny usually results. But, yes, freedom without order is anarchy. The Christian social philosopher Reinhold Niebuhr used to say 'There is no peace without power, and no justice with power.' So a Christian has two responsibilities: to support legitimate law and order, but also to promote social justice.

Christians with a social conscience - whether clergy or not - have a biblical mandate to get involved in political debate. Pericles put it well: 'We do not say that a man who takes no interest in politics minds his own business. We say he has no business here at all.'

Rowland Croucher

IS CHRISTIANITY THE ONLY WAY TO GOD?

2007-05-11T21:23:00.000-07:00

Chaim Potok wrote in 'The Book of Lights' about two American rabbis, both army chaplains, in Japan during the Korean War. They passed a Japanese man praying devoutly beside the roadside shrine. One rabbi said to the other, 'Do you think our God is listening to this man?' He went on, 'If our God is not listening, what do we mean when we say "God"? And if he is listening, what do we mean when we say "we"?'

~~~

Good question.

'God is dead, Marx is dead, and I don't feel too good myself!' In a pluralistic culture we are more aware of others' beliefs.

A missionary in Nigeria visited a young man in back street of Lagos. On his bedside table were the Bible, the Book of Common Prayer, the Koran, three copies of Watchtower (magazine of the Jehovah's Witnesses), a biography of Karl Marx, a book of Yoga exercises, and How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie.

These days we travel more, TV shows documentaries of foreign cultures, students study abroad, multiculturalism in the West is here to stay...

Intolerance is increasing too. Militant Hindus have a motto 'Save India from Christian imperialism!' Many Moslem countries make it a punishable offense to proselytize. Then there's Lebanon, and Iraq, and Sudan... Religion and politics can be volatile subjects, particularly when they mix.

Something else is new. People (to paraphrase T.S.Eliot) have left God not for other gods, they say, but for no gods; and this has never happened before. It is possible both to deny gods and worship gods - gods like rationality, money, power, sport etc. And it will all lead to an age advancing progressively backwards...

Of all the world's religions, Christianity has the greatest number of followers (33%), followed by Islam (18%), Hinduism (13%), and Buddhism (6%).

What is religion? Definitions are legion: 'what we do with our solitariness'; 'how we relate to others'; 'our answer to fear'; 'an ultimate attempt to enlarge and complete one's personality by finding the supreme context in which we rightly belong'. Everyone is religious, in some sense.

Although Freud termed religion 'mass neurosis' -- religious believers were infantile, unable to break outgrown ties with their parents -- Carl Jung said of his patients over thirty-five, 'all have been people whose problem in the last resort was that of finding a religious outlook on life.'

There is an increasing hunger for religious reality. 'Baby-boomers' and Gen-Xers are not in church as often as their elders in a previous generation, but they claim to be as religious. They read Shirley Maclaine and play around with the New Age movement. In a noisy world people searching for 'God who is Sound and Silence' as the Maitri Upanishad puts it are going in larger numbers to Buddhist monasteries and Hindu ashrams -- places of quiet serenity, simple life-style, meditation, brief talks and questions. More young people are reading the Hindu Bhagavad Gita, the Chinese I Ching, or do Yoga, transcendental meditation or Zen courses.

Take Gandhi for example. Let's ask the hard questions in order: Was Gandhi a Christian? No, as we saw in the movie, Gandhi, although he admired Jesus, he lived and died a Hindu. But E. Stanley Jones said of him: 'He taught me more of the spirit of Christ than anyone in East or West.'

A harder question: Is Gandhi in heaven? Christians offer three broad answers: (1) Conservative Christians have their doubts. The principle of Karma (cause and effect - paying off your own guilt) is poles apart from grace (God's free forgiveness, which you don't deserve). Augustine's theology inspired western Christians to believe that those outside the church are dammed. A more refined view might be Karl Barth's 'Religion is unbelief', or Hendrik Kraemer's conviction that non-Christian religions were not means of salvation in any sense.

However, others would argue, what kind of God would organize for most of his human creatures to burn in hell forever - many of them because, by accident of birth, or the disobedience of the Christian minority to evangelize, they had never heard the gospel? Is he not the Father of Jesus, who prayed for those who crucified him? Does he not want all to be saved and come to know the truth (1 Timothy 2:3,4)?

(2) More liberal Christians would answer: 'Be tolerant. There's value in all religions. They all lead ultimately to God. Of course Gandhi is with him!' The problem with this view is its failure to take seriously the question of truth. If the original Christians were 'liberal' there would have been no mission, no universal Church.

(3) Is there a way between these two extremes? Yes, the more cautious say 'Only God knows: our eternal destiny is in his hands alone'. With evangelicals like Howard Guinness (The Seekers) or JND Anderson (Christianity and Comparative Religion) they ask: Does God 'accept' only people within the 'covenant community' - whether Jewish (in the OT) or Christian (in the NT)? No: what about Melchisedek, Rahab, and Cornelius? Certainly Jesus Christ is unique, and Divine: he alone was God in human form. We are not to take everyone's views, mix them up, and get an identikit picture of God. Jesus is the only way to God. But that may not mean that only Christians are saved (see Romans 2:11-16).

Roman Catholics, at the Second Vatican Council, moved from extra ecclesiam nulla alus (outside the Church, no salvation) to 'The Catholic Church rejects nothing of what is true and holy in other religions.' Devotees of non-Christian religions may be 'implicit believers' or, in Karl Rahner's phrase, 'anonymous Christians'. Hans Kung says these religions may provide ordinary, whereas the Christian Gospel provides extraordinary means of salvation.

Don Richardson (Eternity in Their Hearts), says God has revealed himself to more people than we might imagine. The one invisible God is resident in many folk religions. Christianity doesn't replace this revelation, he says, but completes it. Pachacuti, King of the Incas, led a religious reform in the 1400s encouraging his people to worship Viracocha, the Creator, rather than Inti, the sungod. His hymns to Viracocha sound like the Hebrew Psalms. When missionaries came to the Santals in India in the 1800s, they found a tradition about Thakur Jiu, 'the Genuine God'. Many became Christians. The Chinese had Shang Ti, the Lord of heaven. The Karens of Burma believed in Y'wa, the true God.

Non-Christian religions are a testimony to people's search for God. They may be far from the God of Jesus, but God is not far from any one of them. God cares for all his human creatures with a love we who are biassed in favour of those who are like us can't imagine. His rain falls on the just and the unjust...

All religions have good and evil elements. As novelist Mary McCarthy observed: religion makes good people good and bad people bad. Christians have burnt heretics, Jews robbed Palestinians of lands and homes, some Hindus still burn widows (sati), tribal witchdoctors put curses on people, Moslems wage religious wars. (An eminent Egyptian scholar said privately to Hendrik Kraemer: 'I no longer believe in Islam but, if anyone were to attack the prophet publicly, I would kill him!'). Never forget that Jesus was rejected and sent to his death by people who belonged to a highly moral and spiritual religion. But, you say, well, Christianity has sanctioned evil, but in essence it is good. True: people from other religions say the same of their faiths too.

Christianity, said Karl Barth, stands as much under the judgment of the Gospel as other religions. Roman Catholicism will be judged for the Inquisition; and the Protestant John Calvin for standing by as Geneva burned the 'heretic' Servetus...

Will everyone be saved? George Macdonald says all answers to such a question are deceptive. Two things are certain: all who are saved are saved through Jesus Christ. And a merciful God can handle the judgment of his loved creatures without our help! Jesus said everyone's going to be surprised at the last judgment. We should aim to be secure in our own faith, and be open-minded about matters that are God's prerogative.

So why evangelize? To get them into heaven? Yes, but there are better motives: the glory of God, obedience to Christ, and sincere love for others. Although Christ is not known everywhere, he is everywhere. We are called to make him known, not to make him present.

Some don'ts and do's in evangelism: Don't major on the faults in other religions: the faults in your own are bad enough. Don't argue: you may win the argument but lose the person: today the world is a conference table not a lecture hall, so learn to listen as well as you talk. Above all, be compassionate: Jesus preached judgment on Jerusalem when it rejected him, but he also wept for the city. Share your faith, as a beggar sharing bread with another beggar. Ask 'What are my friend's felt needs?', and start there. (An African proverb says 'Hungry people have no ears!'). Invite overseas students home: perhaps your family could 'adopt' one. (Most in the Book of Acts were converted while away from home). Teach English to someone.

And, beyond all that, remember Jesus' approach to Nicodemas. This cultured man wanted to talk about the contrasts between Jesus' teaching and that of Judaism. The conversation started courteously enough, but very soon Jesus said to him 'You must be born again!'

That is still the essence of the good news - even for the very religious.

Shalom!Salaam!

Rowland Croucher

HOW TO BE A REAL WOMAN

2007-05-09T04:56:00.002-07:00

Mother Teresa of Calcutta and Princess Diana of Britain died within a week of each other, in early September 1997. If you Google them both in the same search you'll find lots of articles on Blogs and sermons and in newspapers about the contrasts between these two very famous women.

First: what did they have in common? My first response is that both were beautiful, if we define beauty is the essence of who a person is, rather than their physical or facial features.

Both were humanitarians... Can you think of more?

HOW TO BE A REAL MAN

2007-05-09T04:56:00.001-07:00

DOES PRAYER 'WORK'?

2007-04-25T19:37:00.000-07:00

SO LIVE ADVENTUROUSLY!

2007-04-25T17:48:00.000-07:00

WHAT DO OTHERS THINK OF ME?

2007-04-25T17:44:00.000-07:00

I had a client who said, 'When I think about who I am, I imagine myself as a scarecrow...'

SOMETIMES I FEEL WEIRD

2007-04-25T17:43:00.000-07:00

HOW MUCH STUFF IS NECESSARY TO BE HAPPY?

2007-04-25T17:40:00.000-07:00

Could you be happy if you had no arms? Watch this:

SO KEEP LIFE SIMPLE

2007-04-25T17:39:00.000-07:00

~~~

Here's a challenging message on simplicity by Shane Claiborne:

BUT LIFE IS ALSO GOOD

2007-04-25T17:38:00.000-07:00

FIRST: LIFE IS HARD

2007-04-25T17:37:00.000-07:00

Life is hard because of bad things which happen to us, but are outside our control

(More on this later)

Life is hard because we do things which are self-destructive. The Christian Church has put these 'sins' under these seven headings:

The Seven Deadly Sins:

1. Lust (Latin, luxuria)
- fornication, perversion

2. Gluttony (Latin, gula)
- waste, overindulgence
- unreasonable or unnecessary excess of consumption

3. Greed (Latin, avaritia)
- treachery, covetousness
- excessive unneccessary acquisition of wealth

4. Sloth (Latin, acedia)
- laziness, apathy

5. Wrath (Latin, ira)
- anger, hatred, prejudice, discrimination

6. Envy (Latin, invidia)
- jealousy, malice)

7. Pride (Latin, superbia)
- vanity, narcissism

Life is very much harder for some people than for others. Here's a Congolese child carrying nutritious biscuits handed out by UNICEF, And an American soldier carrying a dead child in Iraq:

But here's something interesting: I heard in a sermon yesterday that a medical expert on rheumatoid arthritis said he'd noticed after many years that there's a grace about these sufferers that he doesn't see in most other patients. This particular disease apparently creates a special quality of character... Now what do you make of that?

Rowland Croucher

1 Month of Answers to Tough Questions

2007-04-13T05:55:00.000-07:00

Dear friends,

Watch this space: this blog is part of a series attempting to answer the most important 300 questions I've been asked in 18,000-plus hours of counseling/talking to people - and learnings from 70 years of a fulfilling life. Here we'll study the 30 most commonly asked questions about Christianity and life.

Other Blogs in this series:

1 Month to Meet the Baptists

1 Month of Books you should Read

1 Month to Learn About the Internet

1 Month to Understand your Local Church

1 Month of Devotions

1 Month to Change Your Life

1 Month to Meet Some Interesting People

1 Month to Become a Christian

1 Month To Meet Jesus

Basic idea: you read one of the 30 posts each day and complete one 'mini-course' in a month. (I might even organize a certificate for those who complete the 300 units!)

Some of the material will be adapted from the 20,000 articles on the John Mark Ministries website. It's a big site, (although many of the 100,000+ unique visitors a month tell me it's easy to navigate).

I look forward to journeying with you!

Shalom/salaam!

Rowland Croucher